Committee on the Rights of Migrant Workers Commends Syria on Progress in Legislation Since Last Review and Asks about Support Measures for Returning Migrants
The Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families today concluded its consideration of the combined second and third periodic report of Syria on measures taken to implement the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, with Committee Experts commending the State on the legislation and international treaties adopted since its last review, while asking questions about measures in place to support Syrian migrants who had returned to their homeland.
Committee Experts welcomed the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and a protocol against illegal trafficking in migrants. The Committee also welcomed the adoption of new domestic legal resources, particularly the law which protected children against labour, the law protecting against trafficking, and the law on foreign employment and migrants.
The Committee had received information regarding complex situations Syrians faced when returning to their country, including detention and acts of torture. Could more information on that be provided? What had been the response to the call for Syrians to come home, one Expert asked? What measures was Syria taking to guarantee successful reintegration for those who returned? Did the State have a comprehensive programme for return?
In opening remarks, Hussam Edin Aala, Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations Office at Geneva and head of the delegation, said that since 2011, Syria had been facing war, foreign occupation of part of its territory, and unilateral coercive measures which had effectively led to an economic blockade. Syria had adapted to those challenges, while continuing to implement and develop the national framework for the protection of migrant workers and members of their families.
In response to questions, the delegation said Syria’s doors were open for Syrians to return to their country. Stakeholders were working to facilitate the return of Syrians through ensuring their basic needs. Damascus had hosted three conferences since 2020 to support refugees, helping Syria to conduct reconstruction. Reception centres for refugees had been opened, which allowed Syrians living abroad to return, even with expired passports. The national reconciliation strategy adopted by the Government had seen the return of over one million refugees from countries such as Türkiye and Lebanon.
In concluding remarks, Mr. Aala thanked the Committee for its positive engagement with the State and understanding regarding the exceptional circumstances faced in Syria. He said that the State party would work to address the recommendations of the Committee.
In his concluding remarks, Edgar Corzo Sosa, Committee Chair, said the information provided by the delegation would inform the Committee’s concluding observations and would contribute to improving the standing of all migrant workers in Syria. Mr. Corzo Sosa thanked the delegation for participating in the dialogue, and called on the State party to implement all of the Committee’s recommendations.
The delegation of Syria was comprised of representatives of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour; Syrian Commission for Family and Population Affairs; Ministry of Interior; and the Permanent Mission of Syria to the United Nations Office at Geneva.
The webcast of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families meetings can be found here. All meeting summaries can be found here. Documents and reports related to the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families thirty-fifth session can be found here.
The Committee will next meet in public at 3 p.m. on Tuesday, 27 September to hold a half-day of general discussion on general comment 6 on the convergence of the Convention and the Global Compact for Migration.
Report
The Committee has before it the combined second and third periodic report of Syria (CMW/C/SYR/2-3).
Presentation of Report
HUSSAM EDIN AALA, Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations Office at Geneva and head of the delegation, said that since 2011, Syria had been facing war, foreign occupation of part of its territory, and unilateral coercive measures which had effectively led to an economic blockade. Its deep negative impact on decades-long economic and social development had pushed many Syrians to leave the country. Syria had adapted to those challenges, while continuing to implement and develop the national framework for the protection of migrant workers and members of their families, to accommodate them in accordance with the Convention.
Syria aimed to combat the scourge of trafficking in persons and transnational organized crime by strengthening prevention mechanisms, protection mechanisms for victims, and by addressing the needs of children and women. The Government had also taken steps to facilitate procedures related to civil status, in particular birth registration, and had made several amendments to the Civil Status Law to facilitate and simplify the procedures for its citizens at home and abroad.
The difficulties of daily life, which had seen the effects of terrorism practices mixed with the effects of the unilateral coercive measures, had caused a large number of Syrians to leave the country as refugees and migrants. Some of them had taken illegal routes, using forged documents or paying large sums of money to smuggling networks in border areas. The Government called on all Syrians who had been compelled to leave due to the crisis to return to their country voluntarily and in a dignified way. The State was working in cooperation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other United Nations agencies to facilitate the return of those people to their areas of origin, following their liberation from terrorism.
The State was also facilitating the rehabilitation of infrastructure, securing housing, implementing programmes to create jobs, improving basic health services, and ensuring returnees were integrated into educational processes. Some countries were impeding the efforts of the Government for political reasons. Challenges facing migrant workers notably included the limited resources for financing of cooperation programmes with international organizations, especially in the electricity and water sectors.
Mr. Aala said that political will was essential when it came to promoting humane and legitimate conditions for migrant workers, and to address the issue of illegal migration, which exacerbated the vulnerabilities of migrants. That required activating bilateral agreements between labour-exporting and -receiving countries, as those agreements would constitute a safety-valve for regulating migration and preventing the growth of illegal migration and the violations committed in its context. Development was one of the keys to addressing illegal migration.
Supporting the Sustainable Development Goals in migrants’ countries of origin would help provide livelihoods and employment opportunities in exporting countries. It was important to review national and international frameworks to combat crime in order to ensure tighter penalties and effective means of monitoring. That would ensure that illegal migration was viewed as a humanitarian, social and economic crisis, rather than as organized crime.
Questions by Committee Experts
KHALED CHEIKHNA BABACAR, Committee Expert and country co-rapporteur for Syria, said the situation the country was facing called for increased vigilance against potential violations of the rights of migrant workers. Developments recorded since the last review were welcomed, including the ratification of new instruments which aimed to ensure better protection for migrant workers. There were gaps when it came to the implementation of the Convention. The Law on Non-Syrian workers put into question the place of migrants in the labour market, especially those who were not Arab. There were challenges when it came to accessing statistics, and the absence of data meant that the Committee could not form a reliable assessment regarding the implementation of the Convention. Many Syrians now lived abroad; there should be interest in reaching bilateral agreements with countries hosting Syrians, to ensure they enjoyed protection and their rights as enshrined under the Convention.
MOHAMMED CHAREF, Committee Expert and country co-rapporteur for Syria, said Syria had been a great country for immigration and emigration. Syria was one of the earlier countries to ratify the Convention; could information be provided on existing follow-up mechanisms, as well as mechanisms for implementation? What was the status of the national human rights institution under the Paris Principles? What initiatives were in place to protect migrant workers? How was the Convention disseminated in Syria? Was it accessible to migrant workers, and how was it perceived? What measures had been taken to combat stereotypes and discrimination against migrants and their families in political discourse, the media and in other areas?
What measures were being taken to prevent abuse at borders? Could data be provided on migrants, disaggregated by sex, age and geographic location? What was being done to ensure the return of migrants to the country? What programmes were being rolled out to prevent children and teenagers from permanently leaving the country? What programmes were in place to encourage the return of that population? Were there specific programmes for children and women? It would appear there were stateless people in Syria. It also seemed as if Syrian legislation did not allow the transfer of nationality through the maternal line; was anything being done to remedy that?
A Committee Expert recognised Syria’s efforts to submit its report, given what was occurring in the country. As Syria was a country of origin for migrants, bilateral Conventions should be signed with host countries in order to attain a better level of protection for migrants. What was the status of the national human rights institution? Was it independent?
A Committee Expert asked for information about the policies and measures in place to provide consular assistance in various countries where the Syrian population had moved in recent years. The Committee had received information regarding complex situations Syrians faced when returning to their country, including detention and acts of torture. Could more information about that be provided? Had there been complaints lodged, and if so, what were the outcomes of those cases?
A Committee Expert congratulated Syria for the relevant information provided in the report, and expressed solidarity with Syria for the difficult situation the country faced. What efforts were being made by the Government to resolve the lack of data on Syrians abroad? Had Syria ratified the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees? If not, why not? What steps were being made in that direction? Were there mechanisms in place allowing the determination of statelessness? Did migrants in Syria have access to justice? Had Syria ratified the International Labour Organization’s Domestic Workers Convention? It was important as many female migrant workers ended up in that sector.
A Committee Expert noted that Syria was battling terrorism and terrorist groups which were trying to annihilate the country, and thanked the Government for presenting the report. How was the Government able to present its report under those exceptional circumstances? What means were taken to get in touch with Syrians abroad? Were there any plans to repatriate Syrians from abroad, particularly those in neighbouring countries?
A Committee Expert congratulated the Syrian delegation for its rigorous efforts to respect Syria’s commitment to presenting its report to the Committee. How had Syria organized its resilience to manage the challenges presented by the unilateral coercive measures? How could the rights of migrant workers be ensured? Given the number of challenges in play, how could the Committee be useful in helping the State progress on key challenges?
A Committee Expert congratulated Syria for submitting its report and encouraged the State to continue its efforts. What were the major problems of the current situation on the ground, with thousands of Syrian migrants living abroad? What progress had been made to ensure the rights of those workers were upheld? What was the quality of relations maintained with the host countries of significant numbers of Syrian migrant workers? What had been the response to the call for Syrians to come home? Had consequential numbers of returnees been registered? Which measures was Syria taking to guarantee successful reintegration of those who returned? What was the State offering to nationals to ensure a positive return to their homeland? Did the State have a comprehensive programme for return? What major challenges were migrant workers facing within Syrian territory, and what measures was the State taking to meet those challenges?
A Committee Expert thanked Syria for its willingness and interest in participating in the dialogue. The State had made efforts to establish a national human rights institution in January 2022; had any steps been taken since then to implement that institution, in line with the Paris Principles? Were there incidents of forced displacement taking place? What efforts were made by the State to ensure safe and lasting return to areas wracked by conflict? What steps had been taken to combat organized crime networks? What was being done to educate the population about illegal migration?
Responses by the Delegation
The delegation said the Convention stated that migrant workers and members of their families should not be subject to any forms of discrimination, and that was being implemented in Syria. The Constitution outlined that the Government must ensure social security without discrimination between Syrians and non-Syrians. The law on labour contained an article on any act of discrimination toward workers due to religion, race, or other issues. In 2022, 268 work permits had been provided to non-Syrians.
The delegation said that so-called maktoumin were different from stateless persons, and were defined as someone whose parents were registered in the civil registry, but who had been late in registering their birth. Maktoumin were registered in Syria and recognised as Syrians. Steps had been undertaken the facilitate the registration of civil status, including waiving registration fees.
The International Commission of the Red Cross and other non-governmental organizations had been permitted to visit Syrian detention facilities since 2016, conducting over 266 visits during that time. In 2021 and 2022, visits were conducted over a four-day period, which included meetings held with detainees. Consular services inside Syria provided legal counselling and other services to detainees. Comprehensive health care was provided to all prisoners without discrimination. Syrian law ensured that all people had the option to file a complaint. The Government provided for education and health care, and subsidised costs for basic essentials. The State had supported the national currency to avoid foreign manipulation.
Responses by the Delegation
HUSSAM EDIN AALA, Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations Office at Geneva and head of the delegation, said Syria had studied the establishment of a human rights body and had developed a framework for doing so. However, current circumstances meant that priorities had been rearranged to focus on addressing terrorism as well the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The establishment of a national human rights institute had therefore been postponed.
The question of returnees to Syria was a priority for the Government; Syria’s doors were open for Syrians to return to their country. Stakeholders were working to facilitate the return of Syrians through ensuring their basic needs. Damascus had hosted three conferences since 2020 to support refugees, helping Syria to conduct reconstruction. Reception centres for refugees had been opened, which allowed Syrians living abroad to return, even with expired passports. The national reconciliation strategy adopted by the Government had seen the return of over one million refugees from countries such as Türkiye and Lebanon. Unilateral coercive measures had had disastrous ramifications on the economy and the daily lives of the people. Syria hoped the Committee would consider appealing to the United States to lift its sanctions, Mr. Aala said.
Syrian consulates abroad were working tirelessly to maintain connections with the Syrian community. The consulates had never severed relations or interrupted services to Syrians throughout the crisis. Consulates facilitated regularising the situation of Syrians who had been forced to leave the country due to terrorism. The consulates continued to issue documents, even for those who had been compelled to leave Syria illegally. Consulates and embassies had faced restrictions, with some Western countries preventing elections from being organised in the embassies.
The delegation explained that non-Syrians mentioned in the Labour Code referred to non-Syrians being treated equally when it came to issuing a work permit. If they chose to return to their home country, foreign workers were given the opportunity to replace their Syrian pension with a lump sum. The law and all relevant regulations had guaranteed the rights of migrant workers; there was no difference between local workers and foreign workers. The law stipulated that any worker was entitled to one month of paid leave and one month of unpaid leave.
Domestic workers in Syria needed to have their work regulated by a labour contract, which contained their personal details. A decree prohibited any form of violence and discrimination against domestic workers, and gave them the right to file complaints with the judiciary. For the social protection of migrants, there were bilateral agreements with Lebanon, Belarus, Cyprus, and other countries. The State was working to sign more agreements with countries that were destinations for migrant workers. Labour Law 17 provided positive solutions for migrant workers and did not discriminate between Arab and non-Arab workers.
A national committee had been set up to address issues of trafficking and enforce the law which prohibited that. The Government was making great efforts to review the nationality law of 1969, and had issued a plethora of laws on the rights of women and other issues. A study had been conducted which looked at allowing Syrian women to transfer their nationality to their children.
Questions by Committee Experts
KHALED CHEIKHNA BABACAR, Committee Expert and country co-rapporteur for Syria, welcomed Syria’s ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the Protocol against the smuggling of migrants. The Committee also welcomed the adoption of new domestic legal resources, particularly the law which protected children against labour, the law protecting against trafficking, and the law on foreign employment and migrants. Did the State consider it opportune to ratify Conventions 143 and 189 of the International Labour Organization which dealt with migrant labour and domestic labour, respectively? What steps had the State taken to uphold zero tolerance for child labour? Which policies did the State plan to put in place to protect that portion of the population? Could the delegation explain about the labour permits provided by recruitment agencies? What steps had the State party taken to ensure migrant workers could participate in unions and sit on their boards? What steps were being taken to ensure migrant workers had access to urgent medical health care?
MOHAMMED CHAREF, Committee Expert and country co-rapporteur for Syria, noted that since 2011, the World Bank had not released any statistics on transfers; could the delegation provide any information about transfers? Was there a strategy encouraging Syrians to make more transfers and invest in the development of the country? Was there a comprehensive national strategy which allowed for the follow-up and support of Syrians abroad since 2011?
A Committee Expert asked for statistics on the extent of destruction in Syria which had an impact on the labour market. What were the losses to infrastructure and means of production which had impacted Syrians and non-Syrians?
A Committee Expert asked what measures were being taken by the State to spread information about the Convention to migrant workers? Did Syria intend to ratify the Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance?
A Committee Expert asked whether the Government had attempted to replace the skilled workers who had left the country since 2011?
A Committee Expert said the latest report of the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) presented to the Human Rights Council had highlighted that cases of arbitrary detention were still being reported, including for returnees. Could the delegation address information tabled in that report?
A Committee Expert asked if there was any statistical information available regarding how many Syrian migrant workers had returned to Syria, and the main challenges they faced? Could they bring home money they had earned abroad, and find work in Syria?
A Committee Expert asked for additional information on the magnitude of internal displacement. Which protection policies had been put into place for women workers in rural areas? Did they have access to education and healthcare? Was there a plan against discrimination against women workers in those rural areas?
Responses by the Delegation
The delegation said there were seven employment bureaus registered in Syria. Any children seeking to work could not be younger than 15 years of age. The law on child labour set out the importance of protecting children in the labour sector. A psycho-social support guidebook had been prepared, and training on the book had been provided. Regarding children deprived of their families, there were many centres to host those children and to provide them with support. When a woman who was a victim of violence joined a protection unit, she received full care and could be provided with accommodation where she could settle with her family. Rural women were permitted to receive loans and microcredits which had provided thousands of job opportunities in that sector. Many field missions had been organized to establish connections with women in rural areas.
A new law had been passed on civil status to replace the previous law from 2007. The new law had adopted new procedures and measures, and simplified administrative procedures when it came to civil status. Doctors had a responsibility to report on all births through registration. A centralised unit with a unified databased was in charge of registering any new births in the State. The unit also contained the birth registrations of non-Syrians who resided within the country. Because of the war, Syria had seen the departure of skilled workers, however the State was focused on upgrading the skills of workers who had remained in Syria, to ensure they could contribute to the reconstruction of the country.
The Government of Syria prioritised the return of Syrians to the country, and had prepared conditions so that they could reintegrate successfully. There had been enormous losses and destruction of infrastructure caused by terrorist attacks. The Government continued to address reasons for Syrians leaving the country. However, unilateral coercive measures continued to negatively impact the State, and the theft of petroleum had resulted in significant financial losses. Syria had requested the United Nations to support the State and expand humanitarian programmes. Water, sanitation, education and health care support was required. The Government also called on the United Nations to encourage the lifting of unilateral coercive measures, which constituted a threat to the human rights of the people of Syria. Syria had not accepted the mandate of the committee within the Human Rights Council that investigated Syria. The mandate of that committee was biased and politicised, and failed to meet standards of objectivity.
Worsening relations with neighbouring countries had hampered safeguards for migrant workers established through bilateral agreements. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government supported the national carrier to return Syrian nationals stuck in foreign States, but that airline was prevented from flying to certain States due to unilateral coercive measures.
The number of internally displaced persons had fallen to two million, and the number of collective Government shelters had fallen to 58. Those shelters hosted 21,000 persons. The total number of returnees was one million. The President had passed over 22 amnesty decrees. A 2022 amnesty decree had pardoned terrorist crimes that did not involve the killing of people. That decree allowed Syrian nationals to return home without being subjected to interrogation. The decrees reflected the Government’s will to encourage national reconciliation.
Documents had been provided to those who had lost their travel documents, and efforts had been made to provide identity documents for children who required them. Buses had been provided to families in need to bring them to shelters. Health care and vaccines had also been provided to those families.
A national programme was in place to improve the self-sufficiency of families. It supported families starting projects which improved their income, and established food production companies in villages. There was also a programme that supported rural women to establish businesses, to finalise repayments, and to connect with business networks. Those programmes allowed the Government to collect data on employment that would be compiled in a database.
Syrian laws regulated child labour and prohibited it before the age of 15 or before finishing secondary school education. Children were not permitted to work at night, or for more than six hours consecutively. Employers were prohibited from employing children who did not have health certificates attesting that they were able to work. A memorandum had been signed with the International Labour Organization on the elimination of all forms of child labour. Workshops and outreach campaigns on child labour had also been carried out. Labour inspectors visited employers that employed children, and if any employer used children below the legal age, they would be fined. The Syrian Institution of Migration and Labour had established an action plan to eliminate the worst forms of child labour. The labour inspection directorate was mandated to take all necessary measures to prevent child labour and to raise awareness about labour laws. It conducted inspections without notification, and ensured the enforcement of labour laws regardless of the nationality of workers. If a non-Syrian worker filed a complaint against an employer, labour inspectors immediately inspected the employer and began mediation procedures. Workers who filed complaints received necessary legal and counselling services.
The Government had prepared a national programme for post-war recovery. The programme aimed to define the future landscape for Syria. It promoted the capacity and efficiency of State institutions, social justice, cohesion, national identity and ensuring the rule of law. It aimed to rehabilitate infrastructure, support financial recovery, upgrade production chains, redraw the framework of the national economy, and support a multi-sectoral approach to development. The programme also aimed to enhance integrity, support human development, social integration and protection. A national programme on sustainable development was also in place. The programme included protections for children and migrant workers’ rights, particularly those of women.
Questions by Committee Experts
KHALED CHEIKHNA BABACAR, Committee Expert and country co-rapporteur for Syria, encouraged the State to continue in its efforts to confront the range of challenges that were plaguing it. Which measures had been undertaken by the State to combat trafficking in persons? Convention 96 of the International Labour Organization regulated private employment agencies. Was the State planning to ratify that Convention?
MOHAMMED CHAREF, Committee Expert and country co-rapporteur for Syria, said that Law 2 of 2014 referred to a “branch,” a “division” and a “centre.” What was the difference between those? The “special residency permit” issued to scientists and business persons was very welcome. What was the duration of those permits? Were those permits granted to spouses of non-Syrians who had lived in Syria for more than two years? Did the law distinguish between “Arabs” and “other foreigners”?
A Committee Expert said that the Convention included a general guideline setting the employment age at 15 years, so Syria was in good standing regarding its legislation on child labour. What was the rate of child labour in Syria?
Another Committee Expert welcomed that the State party’s periodic report included contributions from different stakeholders, but noted that its Human Rights Commission was not involved in the creation of the report. Syria needed to create a national human rights institute with the support of that Commission.
A Committee Expert said that last week, 100 people had lost their lives at sea attempting to leave Syria. What measures had been adopted by the State to meet the needs of survivors and support the families of the deceased?
A Committee Expert asked about efforts to address the needs of Syrian migrants through diplomatic missions. What efforts had been made to ensure the dignified burial of migrants who had lost their lives in transit? Had efforts been made to register the births of children born in transit? How many women were employed in the State, and what attempts had been made to reduce barriers to accessing employment for women?
Another Committee Expert asked who could obtain special and ordinary entry permits, and on what criteria were permits issued?
Responses by the Delegation
HUSSAM EDIN AALA, Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations Office at Geneva and head of the delegation, said Syria had previously started to examine the establishment of a national human rights institute, but had been forced to reshuffle its priorities given the exceptional circumstances. Syria aimed to implement relevant recommendations from the last Universal Periodic Review regarding the establishment of a national human rights institute.
Syrian consulates and embassies issued passports and provided identity documents and birth registration services. Embassies and consulates took the necessary measures to register births and deaths occurring in transit.
The delegation said a national committee to combat human trafficking had been established. It included representatives from relevant Ministries. A national plan on combatting human trafficking had been drafted. The plan was based on protection and prevention measures, and aimed to uncover human trafficking networks. The committee was burdened with combatting trafficking networks that operated across borders. Many neighbouring countries had turned a blind eye to trafficking and child marriage. Syria had established agreements with Indonesia, the Russian Federation and Iraq on combatting human trafficking. The Government also organized outreach activities to raise awareness about the issue of human trafficking.
“Branches” were the highest level of the State’s immigration service. They issued passports and permits. “Divisions” investigated violations of permits in local jurisdictions. “Centres” operated at border points, processing requests for entry. Tourist visas had a three-month limit, temporary residency permits had a one-year limit, regular permits had a three-year limit, special permits had a five-year limit, and labour permits had a one-year limit. Special residency permits were granted to scientists, academics, diplomats and their spouses, and persons who had stayed in Syria for 15 years or more. “Arab Syrians” referred to in legislation were Syrians born outside the State. Such persons could enter and leave Syria without needing to participate in military conscription. Syrian law did not impede any person from leaving the State unless they were charged with crimes. There was no discrimination between persons from Arab States and other foreigners, but certain visa exemptions were in place for persons from Arab States. Persons from Arab States were immediately issued with a three-month residency permit upon entering Syria.
Concluding Statements
MOHAMMED CHAREF, Committee Expert and country co-rapporteur for Syria, said that the Committee Experts understood the problems that Syria faced. Syria’s case was incredibly complicated and difficult to tackle. Economic and political migrants and internally displaced persons faced exceptional situations. The country had faced serious attacks over the last few years. Syria had welcomed Ukrainian refugees who had been able to access education and health support. However, it was regrettable that no other refugees fleeing other crises had received the same support. The response that Syria gave to migration crises needed to be driven by efficient governance.
KHALED CHEIKHNA BABACAR, Committee Expert and country co-rapporteur for Syria, thanked the delegation for its answers and efforts.
HUSSAM EDIN AALA, Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations Office at Geneva and head of the delegation , thanked the Committee for its positive engagement with the State and understanding regarding the exceptional circumstances faced by Syria. He thanked all members of the Secretariat who had facilitated the dialogue, and members of his own delegation for their efforts in answering the Committee’s questions. The State party would work to address the recommendations of the Committee.
EDGAR CORZO SOSA, Committee Chair, said the information provided by the delegation would inform the Committee’s concluding observations and would contribute to improving the standing of all migrant workers in Syria. Mr. Corzo Sosa thanked the delegation for participating in the dialogue, and called on the State party to implement all of the Committee’s recommendations.
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